> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://unkey.com/docs/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Query Restrictions

> Understand the limits, quotas, and permission requirements for running analytics queries in Unkey including row limits and time ranges.

This page explains the restrictions, resource limits, and permissions for analytics queries.

### Only SELECT Allowed

Only `SELECT` queries are permitted. All other SQL statement types return a `query_not_supported` error.

**Allowed query patterns:**

* `SELECT` statements
* `WITH` (Common Table Expressions)
* `UNION`
* Subqueries
* Joins
* Aggregations
* Window functions

**Not allowed:** `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE`, `DROP`, `ALTER`, `CREATE`, `TRUNCATE`, `GRANT`, `REVOKE`

### Table Access Control

Only explicitly allowed analytics tables are accessible. Any attempt to access tables not on the allow list (including `system.*` or `information_schema.*`) will return an `invalid_table` error.

### Function Allow List

Only explicitly approved functions are allowed. Any function not on this list will be rejected with an `invalid_function` error.

#### Allowed Functions

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="Aggregates">
    `count`, `sum`, `avg`, `min`, `max`, `any`, `groupArray`, `groupUniqArray`,
    `uniq`, `uniqExact`, `quantile`, `countIf`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Date/Time">
    `now`, `now64`, `today`, `toDate`, `toDateTime`, `toDateTime64`,
    `toStartOfDay`, `toStartOfWeek`, `toStartOfMonth`, `toStartOfYear`,
    `toStartOfHour`, `toStartOfMinute`, `date_trunc`, `formatDateTime`,
    `fromUnixTimestamp64Milli`, `toUnixTimestamp64Milli`, `toIntervalDay`,
    `toIntervalWeek`, `toIntervalMonth`, `toIntervalYear`, `toIntervalHour`,
    `toIntervalMinute`, `toIntervalSecond`, `toIntervalMillisecond`,
    `toIntervalMicrosecond`, `toIntervalNanosecond`, `toIntervalQuarter`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="String">
    `lower`, `upper`, `substring`, `concat`, `length`, `trim`, `startsWith`,
    `endsWith`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Math">`round`, `floor`, `ceil`, `abs`</Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Conditional">`if`, `case`, `coalesce`</Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Type Conversion">
    `toString`, `toInt32`, `toInt64`, `toFloat64`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Array">
    `has`, `hasAny`, `hasAll`, `arrayJoin`, `arrayFilter`
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>

<Note>
  If you need a function that's not listed, please contact us at
  [support@unkey.com](mailto:support@unkey.com) and we'll review it for
  inclusion.
</Note>

## Resource Limits

To ensure fair usage and prevent abuse, queries are subject to resource limits:

### Execution Limits

| Resource                        | Limit                 | Purpose                       |
| ------------------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| Max execution time              | 30 seconds            | Prevent long-running queries  |
| Max execution time (per window) | 1800 seconds (30 min) | Total execution time per hour |
| Max memory usage                | 1 GB                  | Prevent memory exhaustion     |
| Max result rows                 | 10 million            | Limit result set size         |

### Query Quotas

| Quota                 | Limit | Window   |
| --------------------- | ----- | -------- |
| Queries per workspace | 1000  | Per hour |

<Note>
  If you need higher limits for your use case, please contact us at
  [support@unkey.com](mailto:support@unkey.com) with details about your specific
  requirements and expected query volume.
</Note>

### Error Codes

When limits are exceeded, you'll receive specific error codes:

| Error Code                    | Description                       | Solution                                                   |
| ----------------------------- | --------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| `query_execution_timeout`     | Query took longer than 30 seconds | Add more filters, reduce time range, use aggregated tables |
| `query_memory_limit_exceeded` | Query used more than 1GB memory   | Reduce result set size, add LIMIT clause, use aggregation  |
| `query_result_rows_exceeded`  | Query returned more than 10M rows | Add LIMIT clause, use aggregation, reduce time range       |
| `query_quota_exceeded`        | Exceeded 1000 queries per hour    | Wait for quota to reset, optimize query frequency          |